Events and people
During the Civil Rights Movement
Ruby bridges
-Ruby was the first African American in assigned to the all white William frantz school. She was harassed and bullied by mostly all the white kids but stayed persistent and continued to go to school.
Voting act of 1965
-African americans were still having a tough time trying to vote. President Johnson passed this law to protect their voting rights and make it easier for them.
Black Panthers Are Founded
-the black panthers were a party that was created in 1966 that strived for equal rights for african americans. they were willing to use violence on whoever opposed them or to get what they wanted.
Letter from birmingham jail
-Martin luther king jr. wrote this letter while he was in the birmingham jail. he wrote it to a group of eight white clergyman responding to something they said about him.
southern manifesto
-the manifesto was created by congressman that wanted to keep public places racially seperated. they said that the supreme court was overusing its power when it ruled that segregating public schools was unconstitutional.
Freedom Summer
-this was a project in mississippi that tried to accomplish more civil rights. the project tried to get as many african americans to register to vote as they could. they also built several freedom schools and buildings.
bombing of 16th street baptist church
-an african american baptist church was bombed an four girls were killed. the church was bombed to oppose the new laws put into place to make equal rights.
COre is founded
-the founders of core were bayard rustin, george houser, bernice fisher and james l. farmer jr. core consisted of mostly white members that were fighting against the segregation of public places.
newark and detroit race riots
-the newark riots were caused by a black man getting arrested and severly beaten. A crowd gathered outside the precinct house and demande that the man be taken to a hospital. the crowd started to get violent and the national guard was called in. t detroit riots were caused by several fights that erupted between whites and blacks.
greensboro sit ins
-people sat in front of the woolworth department store and demanded that they change their racial segregation policy. the store gave in and they changed their policy.
memphis sanitation workers strike
-over one thousand black sanitation workers went on strike in memphis. they striked about bad conditions and the deaths of fellow workers.
Loving VS. vIRGINIA
The loving versus Virginia case presents a constitutional question never addressed by this court: whether a statutory scheme adopted by the State of Virginia to prevent marriages between persons solely on the basis of racial classifications violates the Equal Protection and Due Process Clauses of the 14th Amendment. on January 6, 1959, the Loving's pleaded guilty to the charge of interracial marriage and were sentenced to one year in jail; however, the trial judge suspended the sentence for a period of 25 years on the condition that the Loving's leave the State and not return to Virginia together for 25 years.
Brown vs. Board of education
This case declared the permissive or madatory segregation that existed in 21 states unconstitutionally. It was a big step towards complete desegregation of public schools. However, even partial desegregation of these schools was still very far away, as would soon become apparent.
civil rights act of 1968
On April 11, 1968, President Lyndon B. Johnson signed the Civil Rights Act of 1968 into law. This act provided for equal housing opportunities regardless of creed, race, or national origin.
The Watts Riot took place in the Watts neighborhood of Los Angeles from August 11 to 17, 1965. The five-day riot ended with 34 deaths, 1,032 injuries, 3,438 arrests, and over $40 million in property damage.
Plessy vs. Ferguson One June 7, 1892, a 30 year-old man named Homer Plessy was jailed for sitting in the “White” car of the East Louisiana Railroad. The Plessy v. Ferguson ruling indicated that the federal government would officially tolerate the "separate but equal" doctrine.
Freedom Rides The first freedom ride took place on May 4, 1961. The 7 blacks and 6 whites traveled to the south by bus, and were attacked many times. In November, 1961, the Interstate Commerce Commission issued rules prohibiting segregated transportation facilities.
The Civil Rights Act of 1968 (enacted April 11, 1968) provided for equal housing opportunities regardless of race, creed, or national origin.
Civil Rights Act of 1957 - On September 9, 1957, President Dwight Eisenhower signed into law the Civil Rights Act of 1957. Originally proposed by Attorney General Herbert Brownell, the Civil Rights Act of 1957 marked the first occasion since Reconstruction that the federal government undertook significant legislative action to protect civil rights.
Malcolm X Assassination -On February 21, 1965, at the age of 39, the former Nation of Islam leader Malcolm X was shot and killed by assassins identified as Black Muslims as he was about to address the Organization of Afro-American Unity at the Audubon Ballroom in Harlem.
March on Washington -The March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom took place on August 28, 1963 in Washington D.C. Attended by around 250,000 people, it was the largest demonstration ever seen in the nation`s capital, and also one of the first to have extensive television coverage.
On June 21, 1964, three young civil rights workers: James Chaney, Andrew Goodman, and Michael Schwerner were murdered near Philadelphia, in Nashoba County, Mississippi. They had gone to investigate the burning of a black church, and they were arrested by the police on trumped-up charges, imprisoned for several hours, and then released after dark into the hands of the Ku Klux Klan who beat and murdered them.
Plessy vs. Ferguson One June 7, 1892, a 30 year-old man named Homer Plessy was jailed for sitting in the “White” car of the East Louisiana Railroad. The Plessy v. Ferguson ruling indicated that the federal government would officially tolerate the "separate but equal" doctrine.
Freedom Rides The first freedom ride took place on May 4, 1961. The 7 blacks and 6 whites traveled to the south by bus, and were attacked many times. In November, 1961, the Interstate Commerce Commission issued rules prohibiting segregated transportation facilities.
The Civil Rights Act of 1968 (enacted April 11, 1968) provided for equal housing opportunities regardless of race, creed, or national origin.
Civil Rights Act of 1957 - On September 9, 1957, President Dwight Eisenhower signed into law the Civil Rights Act of 1957. Originally proposed by Attorney General Herbert Brownell, the Civil Rights Act of 1957 marked the first occasion since Reconstruction that the federal government undertook significant legislative action to protect civil rights.
Malcolm X Assassination -On February 21, 1965, at the age of 39, the former Nation of Islam leader Malcolm X was shot and killed by assassins identified as Black Muslims as he was about to address the Organization of Afro-American Unity at the Audubon Ballroom in Harlem.
March on Washington -The March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom took place on August 28, 1963 in Washington D.C. Attended by around 250,000 people, it was the largest demonstration ever seen in the nation`s capital, and also one of the first to have extensive television coverage.
On June 21, 1964, three young civil rights workers: James Chaney, Andrew Goodman, and Michael Schwerner were murdered near Philadelphia, in Nashoba County, Mississippi. They had gone to investigate the burning of a black church, and they were arrested by the police on trumped-up charges, imprisoned for several hours, and then released after dark into the hands of the Ku Klux Klan who beat and murdered them.
Jackie Robinson Integration- He was the 1st Negro MLB baseball player. He joined the MLB in 1947; he was significantly disliked by the majority of Americans. He continued to fight through all adversity that confronted him. He never backed down from his haters and used it as motivation. He was successful throughout his entire career even through all the possible distractions that were in his way. He became the poster boy for all African Americans that wanted to play baseball.
13th amendment- The 13th amendment led to slavery being stopped in all states. It was a great achievement in America. The amendment was decided after the Civil War and helped all the freed slaves. It stated that no state could “deprive any person of life, liberty, or property without due process of law. Slavery was abolished.
14th amendment- The 14th amendment was a big step for blacks. It gave them the right to have citizenship in America. In other words, it gave blacks hope. It gave them hope that things were being a lot better for them.
15th amendment- The 15th amendment gave every citizen the right to vote. It was another step in the right direction. It was the 3rd of the Reconstruction Amendments. The right to vote was the equivalent to becoming a citizen for blacks. The conference meeting that was held before the vote increased the chance of it being ratified.
24th amendment- Prohibits Congress and states the right to vote in federal elections on payment of a poll tax or different taxes. Poll taxes in South states tried to prevent African American from voting. The amendment made poll tax unconstitutional towards federal elections. The North was content with the amendment, while the South was against it or undecided.
Bloody Sunday- Civil rights marchers were marching and things were going good until they crossed the Edmund Pettus Bridge. State troopers were there waiting for them. A brawl between the marchers and troops broke out. The marchers were nearly beaten to death. Tear gas was released and images of the horrific event were released to the whole country of what was going on.
Montgomery Bus Boycott- The Montgomery Bus Boycott was a protest against the racial segregation transportation system in Montgomery, Alabama. Rosa Parks, a black woman, refused to give up her seat to a white woman. She was arrested, but raised awareness of how it was wrong for a black person to give up their seat to a white person. Martin Luther King Jr. took part in the boycott as well. Having segregated buses was ruled unconstitutional in 1956.
Murder Medgar Evers- A few hours after JFK’s civil rights speech in 1963, Medgar Evers was on his way home. He pulled into his driveway then got out and was shot. He died 50 minutes later. The man that shot him was, Byron De La Beckwith, member of the White Citizens Council. Medgar Evers was a target, because of being a civil rights activist.
13th amendment- The 13th amendment led to slavery being stopped in all states. It was a great achievement in America. The amendment was decided after the Civil War and helped all the freed slaves. It stated that no state could “deprive any person of life, liberty, or property without due process of law. Slavery was abolished.
14th amendment- The 14th amendment was a big step for blacks. It gave them the right to have citizenship in America. In other words, it gave blacks hope. It gave them hope that things were being a lot better for them.
15th amendment- The 15th amendment gave every citizen the right to vote. It was another step in the right direction. It was the 3rd of the Reconstruction Amendments. The right to vote was the equivalent to becoming a citizen for blacks. The conference meeting that was held before the vote increased the chance of it being ratified.
24th amendment- Prohibits Congress and states the right to vote in federal elections on payment of a poll tax or different taxes. Poll taxes in South states tried to prevent African American from voting. The amendment made poll tax unconstitutional towards federal elections. The North was content with the amendment, while the South was against it or undecided.
Bloody Sunday- Civil rights marchers were marching and things were going good until they crossed the Edmund Pettus Bridge. State troopers were there waiting for them. A brawl between the marchers and troops broke out. The marchers were nearly beaten to death. Tear gas was released and images of the horrific event were released to the whole country of what was going on.
Montgomery Bus Boycott- The Montgomery Bus Boycott was a protest against the racial segregation transportation system in Montgomery, Alabama. Rosa Parks, a black woman, refused to give up her seat to a white woman. She was arrested, but raised awareness of how it was wrong for a black person to give up their seat to a white person. Martin Luther King Jr. took part in the boycott as well. Having segregated buses was ruled unconstitutional in 1956.
Murder Medgar Evers- A few hours after JFK’s civil rights speech in 1963, Medgar Evers was on his way home. He pulled into his driveway then got out and was shot. He died 50 minutes later. The man that shot him was, Byron De La Beckwith, member of the White Citizens Council. Medgar Evers was a target, because of being a civil rights activist.